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arXiv · 2404.07011

An asymptotically optimal algorithm for generating bin cardinalities

Luc Devroye·Dimitrios Los
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Abstract

In the balls-into-bins setting, $n$ balls are thrown uniformly at random into $n$ bins. The na\"{i}ve way to generate the final load vector takes $\Theta(n)$ time. However, it is well-known that this load vector has with high probability bin cardinalities of size $\Theta(\frac{\log n}{\log \log n})$. Here, we present an algorithm in the RAM model that generates the bin cardinalities of the final load vector in the optimal $\Theta(\frac{\log n}{\log \log n})$ time in expectation and with high probability. Further, the algorithm that we present is still optimal for any $m \in [n, n \log n]$ balls and can also be used as a building block to efficiently simulate more involved load balancing algorithms. In particular, for the Two-Choice algorithm, which samples two bins in each step and allocates to the least-loaded of the two, we obtain roughly a quadratic speed-up over the na\"{i}ve simulation.

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Luc Devroye, Dimitrios Los. 2024-04-10. An asymptotically optimal algorithm for generating bin cardinalities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2024.08.034

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