STRELA: STReaming ELAstic CGRA Accelerator for Embedded Systems

Abstract

Reconfigurable computing offers a good balance between flexibility and energy efficiency. When combined with software-programmable devices such as CPUs, it is possible to obtain higher performance by spatially distributing the parallelizable sections of an application throughout the reconfigurable device while the CPU is in charge of control-intensive sections. This work introduces an elastic Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architecture (CGRA) integrated into an energy-efficient RISC-V-based SoC designed for the embedded domain. The microarchitecture of CGRA supports conditionals and irregular loops, making it adaptable to domain-specific applications. Additionally, we propose specific mapping strategies that enable the efficient utilization of the CGRA for both simple applications, where the fabric is only reconfigured once (one-shot kernel), and more complex ones, where it is necessary to reconfigure the CGRA multiple times to complete them (multi-shot kernels). Large kernels also benefit from the independent memory nodes incorporated to streamline data accesses. Due to the integration of CGRA as an accelerator of the RISC-V processor enables a versatile and efficient framework, providing adaptability, processing capacity, and overall performance across various applications. The design has been implemented in TSMC 65 nm, achieving a maximum frequency of 250 MHz. It achieves a peak performance of 1.22 GOPs computing one-shot kernels and 1.17 GOPs computing multi-shot kernels. The best energy efficiency is 72.68 MOPs/mW for one-shot kernels and 115.96 MOPs/mW for multi-shot kernels. The design integrates power and clock-gating techniques to tailor the architecture to the embedded domain while maintaining performance. The best speed-ups are 17.63x and 18.61x for one-shot and multi-shot kernels. The best energy savings in the SoC are 9.05x and 11.10x for one-shot and multi-shot kernels.