A Theoretical Framework for Self-Gravitating k-Form Boson Stars with Internal Symmetries

Abstract

Current boson star models are largely restricted to global symmetries and lower spin fields. In this work, we generalize these systems of self-gravitating bosonic fields to allow for arbitrary totally antisymmetric tensor fields and arbitrary internal gauge symmetries. We construct a generalized formalism for Yang-Mills-like theories, which allows for arbitrary k-form fields, instead of just vector fields. The k-form fields have gauge symmetries described by semisimple, compact Lie groups. We further derive equations of motion for the k-form fields and connection coefficients of the Lie group. Extensions and applications are also discussed. We present a novel way to fix the group connection using a spacetime connection. As an example, we derive explicitly the connection coefficients for SU(2) in a spherically symmetric spacetime using rectangular vielbeins. The combination of methods presented leads to a powerful, adaptable and practical framework. As a proof of concept, we derive ordinary differential equations for a 0-form field with a SU(2) symmetry. Our framework can be used to model self-gravitating (multi) particle states with internal symmetries, such as pion condensates or dark matter. It is also suited as a tool to approach open problems in modified gravity and string theory.