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arXiv · 2405.15499

Energy of Gravitational Radiation and the Background Energy of the Space-Time

J. W. Maluf·F. Lessa Carneiro·S. C. Ulhoa·J. F. da Rocha-Neto
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Abstract

We address the issue of gravitational radiation in the context of the Bondi-Sachs space-time, and consider the expression for the gravitational energy of the radiation obtained in the realm of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). This expression is independent of the radial distance (i.e., of powers of $1/r$) and depends exclusively on the functions $c(u,\theta,\phi)$ and $d(u,\theta,\phi)$, which yield the news functions ($u$ is the retarded time, $u=t-r$). We investigate the mathematical and physical features of this energy expression in the simpler framework of axial symmetry. Once a burst of gravitational radiation takes place in a self gravitating system, that leads to a loss of the Bondi mass, gravitational radiation is emitted throughout the whole space-time. The existence and presence of this radiation in the background structure of the space-time is consistent with the analysis developed by Papapetrou, and Hallidy and Janis, who found no proof that a gravitational system that emits a burst of gravitational radiation is preceded and followed by two stationary gravitational field configurations, namely, it seems that it is impossible for a gravitational system, which is initially stationary, to return to a stationary state after emitting a burst of axially symmetric gravitational radiation, in which case the space-time is not even asymptotically stationary. Therefore, it is plausible that the gravitational energy of radiation is present in the background structure of the space-time, and this is the energy predicted in the TEGR. This analysis lead us to conjecture that the noise detected in the large terrestrial gravitational wave observatories is intrinsically related to the background gravitational radiation.

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J. W. Maluf, F. Lessa Carneiro, S. C. Ulhoa, J. F. da Rocha-Neto. 2024-05-24. Energy of Gravitational Radiation and the Background Energy of the Space-Time. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.139041

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