Relative nonhomogeneous Koszul duality for PROPs associated to nonaugmented operads

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to show how Positselski's relative nonhomogeneous Koszul duality theory applies when studying the linear category underlying the PROP associated to a (non-augmented) operad of a certain form, in particular assuming that the reduced part of the operad is binary quadratic. In this case, the linear category has both a left augmentation and a right augmentation (corresponding to different units), using Positselski's terminology. The general theory provides two associated linear differential graded (DG) categories; indeed, in this framework, one can work entirely within the DG realm, as opposed to the curved setting required for Positselski's general theory. Moreover, DG modules over DG categories are related by adjunctions. When the reduced part of the operad is Koszul (working over a field of characteristic zero), the relative Koszul duality theory shows that there is a Koszul-type equivalence between the appropriate homotopy categories of DG modules. This gives a form of Koszul duality relationship between the above DG categories. This is illustrated by the case of the operad encoding unital, commutative associative algebras, extending the classical Koszul duality between commutative associative algebras and Lie algebras. In this case, the associated linear category is the linearization of the category of finite sets and all maps. The relative nonhomogeneous Koszul duality theory relates its derived category to the respective homotopy categories of modules over two explicit linear DG categories.