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arXiv · 2407.18429

Theta characteristics and noncongruence modular forms

Gyujin Oh
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Abstract

The Hodge bundle $\omega$ over a modular curve is a square-root of the canonical bundle twisted by the cuspidal divisor, or a theta characteristic, due to the Kodaira--Spencer isomorphism. We prove that, in most cases, a section of a theta characteristic $\nu$ (or any odd power of it) different from $\omega$ is a noncongruence modular form. On the other hand, we show how $\nu\ne\omega$ gives rise to a ``twisted'' analogue of the diagonal period map to a Siegel threefold, whose difference attributes to the stackiness of the moduli of abelian surfaces $\mathcal{A}_{2}$. Some questions on the Brill--Noether theory of the modular curves are answered.

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Gyujin Oh. 2024-07-25. Theta characteristics and noncongruence modular forms. https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.18429

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