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arXiv · 2407.19066

Stochastic Gene Expression Model of Nuclear-to-Cell Ratio Homeostasis

Xuesong Bai·Thomas G. Fai
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Abstract

Cell size varies between different cell types, and between different growth and osmotic conditions. However, the nuclear-to-cell volume ratio (N/C ratio) remains nearly constant. In this paper, we build on existing deterministic models of N/C ratio homeostasis and develop a simplified gene translation model to study the effect of stochasticity on the N/C ratio homeostasis. We solve the corresponding chemical master equation and obtain the mean and variance of the N/C ratio. We also use a Taylor expansion approximation to study the effects of the system size on the fluctuations of the N/C ratio. We then combine the translation model with a cell division model to study the effects of extrinsic noises from cell division on the N/C ratio. Our model demonstrates that the N/C ratio homeostasis is maintained when the stochasticity in cell growth is taken into account, that the N/C ratio is largely determined by the gene fraction of nuclear proteins, and that the fluctuations in the N/C ratio diminish as the system size increases.

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Xuesong Bai, Thomas G. Fai. 2024-07-26. Stochastic Gene Expression Model of Nuclear-to-Cell Ratio Homeostasis. https://doi.org/10.1137/24m1680520

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