Learning symmetry-protected topological order from trapped-ion experiments

Abstract

Classical machine learning has proven remarkably useful in post-processing quantum data, yet typical learning algorithms often require prior training to be effective. In this work, we employ a tensorial kernel support vector machine (TK-SVM) to analyze experimental data produced by trapped-ion quantum computers. This unsupervised method benefits from directly interpretable training parameters, allowing it to identify the non-trivial string-order characterizing symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases. We apply our technique to two examples: a spin-1/2 model and a spin-1 model, featuring the cluster state and the AKLT state as paradigmatic instances of SPT order, respectively. Using matrix product states, we generate a family of quantum circuits that host a trivial phase and an SPT phase, with a sharp phase transition between them. For the spin-1 case, we implement these circuits on two distinct trapped-ion machines based on qubits and qutrits. Our results demonstrate that the TK-SVM method successfully distinguishes the two phases across all noisy experimental datasets, highlighting its robustness and effectiveness in quantum data interpretation.