Fermi Liquid Theory for Spin Current of a Ferromagnet

Abstract

A recent work [arXiv:2402.04639] considered the dynamical equations for ferromagnets using Onsager's irreversible thermodynamics with fundamental variables magnetization $\vec{M}$ and spin current $\vec{J}_{i}$. The resulting equations have the same structure as Leggett's Fermi liquid theory for the nuclear paramagnet $^{3}$He. Specifically, $\partial_{t}\vec{J}_{i}$ contains a term varying as $\partial_{i}\vec{M}$ that we interpret as associated with a vector spin pressure, and a term giving a mean-field along $\vec{M}$, about which $\vec{J}_{i}$ precesses. (There is also a slow decay term in $\partial_{t}\vec{M}$ not normally present in the Leggett equations, which are intended for shorter-time spin-echo experiments.) The present work applies Fermi liquid theory to $\vec{J}_{i}$ of ferromagnets. The resulting dynamical equation for $\vec J_i$ confirms the form of $\vec J_i$ found in [arXiv:2402.04639], but now the previously unknown non-dissipative parameters are given in terms of the quasiparticle interaction parameters of Fermi liquid theory. In the paramagnetic limit the present theory agrees with Leggett and related work.