Positively closed $Sh(B)$-valued models

Abstract

We study positively closed and strongly positively closed topos-valued models of coherent theories. Positively closed is a global notion (it is defined in terms of all possible outgoing homomorphisms), while strongly positively closed is a local notion (it only concerns the definable sets inside the model). For $\mathbf{Set}$-valued models of coherent theories they coincide. We prove that if $\mathcal{E}=Sh(B,\tau _{coh})$ for a complete Boolean algebra, then positively closed but not strongly positively closed $\mathcal{E}$-valued models of coherent theories exist, yet, there is an alternative local property which characterizes positively closed $\mathcal{E}$-valued models. A large part of our discussion is given in the context of infinite quantifier geometric logic, dealing with the fragment $L^g_{\kappa \kappa }$ where $\kappa $ is weakly compact.