Nonstationary behavior of the upconversion processes of $Er^{3+}:Yb^{3+}$ ions pair doping the $Y_2O_3$ ceramic illuminated with 976 nm laser light

Abstract

The studies of the upconversion response of RE ions in various hosts usually depict a static picture, whereas, at constant illumination, the upconverted emission is also constant. We discovered here that, at least in the case of $Y_2O_3$ doped with $Er^{3+}:Yb^{3+}$, this is not the case. At constant illuminated power, the upconversion emission is not only fluctuating, but it varies in a manner which seems to be a superposition of intensity waves with different frequencies. We present here the results of the measurements we've performed on $Y_2O_3$ with $1\%Er^{3+}-2\%Yb^{3+}$. The origin of this effect remain to be established but it shows that the energy transfers during the upconversion are an interplay of absorption-saturation-emission-relaxation processes.