Refined Gromov-Witten invariants

Abstract

We study the enumerative geometry of stable maps to Calabi-Yau 5-folds $Z$ with a group action preserving the Calabi-Yau form. In the central case $Z=X \times \mathbb{C}^2$, where $X$ is a Calabi-Yau 3-fold with a group action scaling the holomorphic volume form non-trivially, we conjecture that the disconnected equivariant Gromov-Witten generating series of $Z$ returns the Nekrasov-Okounkov equivariant K-theoretic PT partition function of $X$ and, under suitable rigidity conditions, its refined BPS index. We show that in the unrefined limit the conjecture reproduces known statements about the higher genus Gromov-Witten theory of $X$; we prove it for $X$ the resolved conifold; and we establish a refined cycle-level local/relative correspondence for local del Pezzo surfaces, implying the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit of the conjecture when $X$ is the local projective plane. We further establish B-model physics predictions of Huang-Klemm for refined higher genus mirror symmetry for local $\mathbb{P}^2$. In particular, we prove that our refined Gromov-Witten generating series obey extended holomorphic anomaly equations, are quasi-modular functions of $\Gamma_1(3)$, have leading asymptotics at the conifold point given by the logarithm of the Barnes double-Gamma function, and satisfy a version of the higher genus Crepant Resolution Correspondence with the refined orbifold Gromov-Witten theory of $[\mathbb{C}^3/\mu_3]$. This refines results, and partially proves conjectures, of Lho-Pandharipande, Coates-Iritani, and Bousseau-Fan-Guo-Wu.