Enhancing Bayesian parameter estimation by adapting to multiple energy scales in RHIC and LHC heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

Improved constraints on current model parameters in a heavy-ion collision model are established using the latest measurements from three distinct collision systems. Various observables are utilized from Au--Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=200$~GeV and Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$~TeV and $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=2.76$~TeV. Additionally, the calibration of centrality is now carried out separately for all parametrizations. The inclusion of an Au--Au collision system with an order of magnitude lower beam energy, along with separate centrality calibration, suggests a preference for smaller values of nucleon width, minimum volume per nucleon, and free-streaming time. The results with the acquired \textit{maximum a posteriori} parameters show improved agreement with the data for the second-order flow coefficient, identified particle yields, and mean transverse momenta. This work contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of heavy-ion collision dynamics and sets the stage for future improvements in theoretical modeling and experimental measurements.