The Stability of Persistence Diagrams Under Non-Uniform Scaling

Abstract

We investigate the stability of persistence diagrams \( D \) under non-uniform scaling transformations \( S \) in \( \mathbb{R}^n \). Given a finite metric space \( X \subset \mathbb{R}^n \) with Euclidean distance \( d_X \), and scaling factors \( s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_n > 0 \) applied to each coordinate, we derive explicit bounds on the bottleneck distance \( d_B(D, D_S) \) between the persistence diagrams of \( X \) and its scaled version \( S(X) \). Specifically, we show that \[ d_B(D, D_S) \leq \frac{1}{2} (s_{\max} - s_{\min}) \cdot \operatorname{diam}(X), \] where \( s_{\min} \) and \( s_{\max} \) are the smallest and largest scaling factors, respectively, and \( \operatorname{diam}(X) \) is the diameter of \( X \). We extend this analysis to higher-dimensional homological features, alternative metrics such as the Wasserstein distance, and iterative or probabilistic scaling scenarios. Our results provide a framework for quantifying the effects of non-uniform scaling on persistence diagrams.