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arXiv · 2411.19218

Competing pair density wave orders in the square lattice $t$-$J$ model

Wayne Zheng·Zheng-Yuan Yue·Jian-Hao Zhang·Zheng-Cheng Gu
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Abstract

Over the last two decades, the competing orders in high-$T_{c}$ cuprates have been intensely studied, such as pseudogap phase, charge density waves (CDW), and pair density waves (PDW), which are thought to play a crucial role in high-temperature superconductivity. Using the $t$-$J$ model on a square lattice as the simplest model for high-$T_{c}$ cuprates, we employed the fermionic tensor product state (fTPS) method for numerical investigations. Our study revealed new types of PDW states alongside the well-known $d$-wave state and the recently discovered fluctuating PDW state within the low-energy subspace of the $t$-$J$ model. We believe that the competition among these states in the underdoped region suggests the potential existence of a fluctuating quantum liquid of PDW states, providing direct evidence for the pseudogap phase's "cheap vortex" scenario. Furthermore, we discuss the potential experimental implication of our discovery.

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Wayne Zheng, Zheng-Yuan Yue, Jian-Hao Zhang, Zheng-Cheng Gu. 2024-11-28. Competing pair density wave orders in the square lattice $t$-$J$ model. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02346-0

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