Strong and weak wave turbulence regimes in Bose-Einstein condensates

Ying Zhu; Giorgio Krstulovic; Sergey Nazarenko

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arXiv · 2411.19812

Strong and weak wave turbulence regimes in Bose-Einstein condensates

Ying Zhu·Giorgio Krstulovic·Sergey Nazarenko

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Abstract

When a turbulent Bose-Einstein condensate is driven out-of-equilibrium at a scale much smaller than the system size, nonlinear wave interactions transfer particles towards large scales in an inverse cascade process. In this work, we study numerically wave turbulence in a three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate in forced and dissipated inverse cascade settings. We observe that when the forcing rate increases, thereby increasing the particle flux, the turbulence spectrum gradually transitions from the weak-wave Kolmogorov-Zakharov cascade to a critical balance state characterized by a range of scales with balanced linear and nonlinear dynamic timescales. Further forcing increases lead to a coherent condensate component superimposed with Bogoliubov-type acoustic turbulence. The role of vortices in such a strongly forced state is marginal, which makes this new state very different from the strongly turbulent state composed of a tangle of quantized vortex lines. We then use our predictions and numerical data to formulate a new out-of-equilibrium equation of state for the 3D inverse cascade.

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Ying Zhu, Giorgio Krstulovic, Sergey Nazarenko. 2024-11-29. Strong and weak wave turbulence regimes in Bose-Einstein condensates. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19812

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