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arXiv · 2412.14543

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics

Leo van Nierop
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Abstract

In particle physics, the fundamental forces are subject to symmetries called gauge invariance. It is a redundancy in the mathematical description of any physical system. In this article I will demonstrate that the transformer architecture exhibits the same properties, and show that the default representation of transformers has partially, but not fully removed the gauge invariance.

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Leo van Nierop. 2024-12-19. Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics. https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14543

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