Large and small hierarchies from finite modular symmetries

Abstract

We study the moduli stabilization by the radiative corrections due to the moduli dependent vector-like masses invariant under the finite modular symmetry. The radiative stabilization mechanism can stabilize the modulus $\tau$ of the finite modular symmetry $\Gamma_N$ ($N \in \mathbb{N}$) at $\mathrm{Im}\,\tau \gg 1$, where the shift symmetry $\tau \to \tau+1$ remains unbroken approximately. The shift symmetry can be considered as the residual $\mathbb{Z}_N$ symmetry which realizes the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism with the hierarchy parameter $e^{- 2\pi \mathrm{Im}\,\tau/N} \ll 1$. In this work, we study the stabilization of multiple moduli fields, so that various hierarchical values of the modular forms coexist in a model. For example, one modulus stabilized at $\mathrm{Im}\,\tau_1 \sim 3$ is responsible for the hierarchical structure of the quarks and leptons in the Standard Model, and another modulus stabilized at $\mathrm{Im}\,\tau_2 \sim 15$ can account for the flatness of the $\mathrm{Re}\,\tau_2$ direction which may be identified as the QCD axion.