Fermi-ball in a multicomponent dark matter framework and its gravitational wave signatures

Abstract

It has been known that under-abundant dark matter density of an inert doublet can be replenished by an additional dark matter component, say, a fermion. We find that such a scenario can lead to the formation of stable Fermi-balls through coexisting minima of the finite temperature scalar potential. More importantly, we demonstrate that the Fermi-balls contribute sizeably to the dark matter relic density. In addition, the aforesaid coexisting minima open up the possibility of a first-order phase transition. This, in turn, triggers emission of gravitational waves that can be tested at the proposed BBO and U-DECIGO detectors. Therefore, the present study becomes a concrete setup to embed Fermi-balls in a realistic two-component dark matter model, and, to test the same using gravitational wave signatures.