Efficient Numerical Algorithms for Phase-Amplitude Reduction on the Slow Attracting Manifold of Limit cycles

Abstract

The phase-amplitude framework extends the classical phase reduction method by incorporating amplitude coordinates (or isostables) to describe transient dynamics transverse to the limit cycle in a simplified form. While the full set of amplitude coordinates provides an exact description of oscillatory dynamics, it maintains the system's original dimensionality, limiting the advantages of simplification. A more effective approach reduces the dynamics to the slow attracting invariant submanifold associated with the slowest contracting direction, achieving a balance between simplification and accuracy. In this work, we present an efficient numerical method to compute the parameterization of the attracting slow submanifold of hyperbolic limit cycles and the simplified dynamics in its induced coordinates. Additionally, we compute the infinitesimal Phase and Amplitude Response Functions (iPRF and iARF, respectively) restricted to this manifold, which characterize the effects of perturbations on phase and amplitude. These results are obtained by solving an invariance equation for the slow manifold and adjoint equations for the iPRF and iARF. To solve these functional equations efficiently, we employ the Floquet normal form to solve the invariance equation and propose a novel coordinate transformation to simplify the adjoint equations. The solutions are expressed as Fourier-Taylor expansions with arbitrarily high accuracy. Our method accommodates both real and complex Floquet exponents. Finally, we discuss the numerical implementation of the method and present results from its application to a representative example.