A New Master Supernovae Ia sample and the investigation of the $H_0$ tension

M. G. Dainotti; B. De Simone; A. Garg; K. Kohri; A. Bashyal; A. Aich; A. Mondal; S. Nagataki; G. Montani; T. Jareen; V. M. Jabir; S. Khanjani; M. Bogdan; N. Fraija; A. C. C. do E. S. Pedreira; R. H. Dejrah; A. Singh; M. Parakh; R. Mandal; K. Jarial; G. Lambiase; H. Sarkar

arXiv · 2501.11772

A New Master Supernovae Ia sample and the investigation of the $H_0$ tension

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Abstract

Modern cosmological research still thoroughly debates the discrepancy between local probes and the Cosmic Microwave Background observations in the Hubble constant (\texorpdfstring{$H_0$}{H0}) measurements, ranging from 4 to 6$\sigma$. In the current study, we examine this tension using the Supernovae Ia (SNe Ia) data from the Pantheon, Pantheon+ (P+), Joint Lightcurve Analysis (JLA), and Dark Energy Survey, (DES) catalogs combined together into the so-called Master Sample. The sample contains 3714 SNe Ia, and is divided all of them into redshift-ordered bins. Three binning techniques are presented: the equi-population, the moving window (MW), and the equi-spacing in the \texorpdfstring{$\log-z$}{log-z}. We perform a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo analysis (MCMC) for each bin to determine the $H_0$ value, estimating it within the standard flat \texorpdfstring{$\Lambda$CDM}{LCDM} and the \texorpdfstring{$w_{0}w_{a}$CDM}{w0waCDM} models. These \texorpdfstring{$H_0$}{H0} values are then fitted with the following phenomenological function: \texorpdfstring{$\mathcal{H}_0(z) = \tilde{H}_0 / (1 + z)^\alpha$}{H0(z) = H0tilde / (1 + z)^alpha}, where \texorpdfstring{$\tilde{H}_0$}{H0tilde} is a free parameter representing \texorpdfstring{$\mathcal{H}_0(z)$}{H0(z)} fitted in \texorpdfstring{$z=0$}{z=0}, and \texorpdfstring{$\alpha$}{alpha} is the evolutionary parameter. Our results indicate a decreasing trend characterized by \texorpdfstring{$\alpha \sim 0.01$}{alpha ~ 0.01}, whose consistency with zero ranges from $1 \sigma$ in 5 cases to 1 case at 3 $\sigma$ and 11 cases at $> 3 \sigma$ in several samples and configurations. Such a trend in the SNe Ia catalogs could be due to evolution with redshift for the astrophysical variables or unveiled selection biases. Alternatively, intrinsic physics, possibly the \texorpdfstring{$f(R)$}{f(R)} theory of gravity, could be responsible for this trend.

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M. G. Dainotti, B. De Simone, A. Garg, K. Kohri, A. Bashyal, A. Aich, A. Mondal, S. Nagataki, G. Montani, T. Jareen, V. M. Jabir, S. Khanjani, M. Bogdan, N. Fraija, A. C. C. do E. S. Pedreira, R. H. Dejrah, A. Singh, M. Parakh, R. Mandal, K. Jarial, G. Lambiase, H. Sarkar. 2025-01-20. A New Master Supernovae Ia sample and the investigation of the $H_0$ tension. https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.11772

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