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arXiv · 2501.12945

Unraveling quantum phase estimation: exploring the impact of multi-photon interference on the quantum Fisher information

Annameng Ma·Agustina G. Magnoni·Miguel A. Larotonda·Laura T. Knoll
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Abstract

Quantum interference is known to become extinct with distinguishing information, as illustrated by the ubiquitous double-slit experiment or the two-photon HOM effect. In the former case single particle interference is destroyed with which-path information while in the latter bunching interference tails-off as photons become distinguishable. It has been observed that when more than two particles are involved, these interference patterns are in general a non monotonic function of the distinguishability. Here we perform a comprehensive characterization, both theoretically and experimentally, of four-photon interference by analyzing the corresponding correlation functions, contemplating several degrees of distinguishability across different parameters. This study provides all the necessary tools to quantify the impact of multi-photon interference on precision measurements of parameters such as phase, frequency, and time difference. We apply these insights to quantify the precision in the estimation of an interferometric phase in a two-port interferometer using a four-photon state. Our results reveal that, for certain phase values, partially distinguishable multi-photon states can achieve higher Fisher information values compared to the two-photon experiment. These findings highlight the potential of distinguishable multi-photon states for enhanced precision in quantum metrology and related applications.

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Annameng Ma, Agustina G. Magnoni, Miguel A. Larotonda, Laura T. Knoll. 2025-01-22. Unraveling quantum phase estimation: exploring the impact of multi-photon interference on the quantum Fisher information. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565%2Fadd04d

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