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arXiv · 2502.00370

Modelling car-following dynamics with stochastic input-state-output port-Hamiltonian systems

Julia Ackermann·Matthias Ehrhardt·Thomas Kruse·Antoine Tordeux
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Abstract

In this contribution, we introduce a general class of car-following models with an input-state-output port-Hamiltonian structure. We derive stability conditions and long-term behavior of the finite system with periodic boundaries and quadratic interaction potential by spectral analysis and using asymptotic properties of multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. The uncontrolled dynamics exhibit instability and random collective behavior under stochastic perturbations. By implementing an open-loop speed control, the system stabilizes and weakly converges to Gaussian limit distributions. The convergence is unconditional for constant speed control. However, a stability condition arises for the closed-loop system where the speed control acts as a dynamic feedback depending on the distance ahead. The results are illustrated by numerical simulations. Interestingly, only the closed-loop system is able to reproduce, at least transiently, realistic stop-and-go behavior that can be resolved using the Hamiltonian component of the model.

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Julia Ackermann, Matthias Ehrhardt, Thomas Kruse, Antoine Tordeux. 2025-02-01. Modelling car-following dynamics with stochastic input-state-output port-Hamiltonian systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00370

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