Quantifying Non-Abelian Stability in Majorana Qubits through Rabi Beating Signatures

Abstract

Evaluating the stability of Majorana qubits (MQs) is a central challenge for topological quantum computation. Here we propose a simple and experimentally accessible protocol to quantify MQ stability by coupling a quantum dot (QD) to an MQ, which induces Rabi oscillations in the QD charge occupation that can be directly detected using recently developed single-shot readout techniques. In realistic systems, deviations from ideal MQ behavior lead to a characteristic beating pattern in the Rabi dynamics. We show that the beating frequency scales linearly with these deviations while remaining independent of the base Rabi frequency, thereby providing a direct and quantitative measure of MQ stability. Importantly, the beating signature is robust against weak dissipation, and we further demonstrate that the effective model remains quantitatively accurate when benchmarked against a realistic minimal Kitaev chain. Our results establish a practical and scalable route for quantitatively characterizing Majorana qubit stability in current experimental platforms.