Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2502.14813

On universal-homogeneous hyperbolic graphs and spaces and their isometry groups

Katrin Tent
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The Urysohn space is the unique separable metric space that is universal and homogeneous for finite metric spaces, i.e., it embeds any finite metric space any isometry between finite subspaces extends to an isometry of the whole space. We here consider the existence of a universal-homogeneous hyperbolic space. We show that for $\delta>0$ there is no $\delta$-hyperbolic space which is universal and homogeneous in the above sense for all finite $\delta$-hpyerbolic spaces. We then show that for any $\delta\geq 0$ and any countable class $\mathcal{C}$ of $\delta$-hyperbolic spaces with countably many distinguished $\delta$-closed subspaces there exists a $\delta$-hyperbolic metric space $\mathbb{H}_\mathcal{C}$ such that every $X\in \mathcal{C}$ can be embedded into $\mathbb{H}_\mathcal{C}$ as a $\delta$-closed subspace and any isometry between distinguished $\delta$-closed subspaces extends to an isometry of $\mathbb{H}_\mathcal{C}$. If $\mathcal{C}$ consists of $\delta$-hyperbolic geodesic spaces, then $\mathbb{H}_\mathcal{C}$ contains the quasi-tree of spaces as defined by Bestvina et al.. For $\mathcal{C}_\delta$ the class of all finite $\delta$-hyperbolic spaces with rational distances or the class of finite $\delta$-hyperbolic graphs, the limit $\mathbb{H}_\delta$ is a $\delta$-hyperbolic space (or graph, respectively) universal for all finite $\delta$-hyperbolic spaces with rational distances (or finite $\delta$-hyperbolic graphs) and such that any isometry between $\delta$-closed subspaces extends to an isometry of $\mathbb{H}_\delta$. We show that the isometry group of $\mathbb{H}_\delta$ does not contain elements of bounded displacement and has no dense conjugacy class.

Explore related subjects

math.MGmath.LO

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Katrin Tent. 2025-02-20. On universal-homogeneous hyperbolic graphs and spaces and their isometry groups. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14813

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Tile sets consisting of two types of concave polygons derived from periodic tilings corresponding to non-periodic tilings with hat and turtle tiles

Using a convex pentagonal monotile belonging to the Type 5 family, we investigate the relationships among the hat tile, turtle tile, and Tile$(1, 1)$. By applying Sugimoto's Perspective and Amfirifma's Perspective, we obtain four types of concave polygons, AH-tile, BH-tile, AT-tile, and BT-tile, each having Heesch number 1 under the conditions considered. We show that these polygons correspond to clusters used to generate the non-periodic tilings $\mathscr{T}_h$ and $\mathscr{T}_s$. We further discuss the possibility that tile sets consisting of pairs selected from these polygons may correspond to $\textit{ASPmr}\{\text{A-tile}, \text{B-tile}\}$.

math.MG↗
arXiv2026

The mean distance to a simple closed curve on the sphere

Kimberling's Problem 10 asks for a simple closed curve of prescribed length $L$ (in particular, $L=4\pi$) on the unit sphere minimizing the mean geodesic distance $\mathcal{J}$ from a point of the sphere to the curve. For a positive integer $n$, put $\vartheta_{n}=\pi/(2n)$ and $L_{n}=2\pi/\sin\vartheta_{n}$. We show that the minimum of $\mathcal{J}$ over rectifiable simple closed curves of length at most $L_{n}$ equals $\vartheta_{n}-\tan(\vartheta_{n}/2)$, that it is attained only by curves of length exactly $L_{n}$, and that the sphere-filling ropes $\beta^{n,k}$ of Gerlach and von der Mosel attain it. Kimberling's case is $n=3$: at $L=4\pi$ the minimum is $\pi/6+\sqrt{3}-2=0.255649\ldots$, attained by an explicit six-arc curve and by its mirror image. For $L\le2\pi$ we determine $J(L)$, the infimum of $\mathcal{J}$ over curves of length $L$, exactly: it equals $\pi/2-L/(2\pi)$, attained precisely by the circles of length $L$. At the lengths $L_{n}$ we do not classify all minimizers, but show that every one of them bisects the sphere into two disks of area $2\pi$ and inradius $\vartheta_{n}$ whose inward collars have the largest possible area at every depth. The great circle is the only minimizer for $n=1$, and the $\beta^{n,k}$ are, up to congruence, the only ones of thickness at least $\sin\vartheta_{n}$. For arbitrary $L$ the function $J$ is nonincreasing, and together with the above this brackets it between two explicit values.

math.MG↗
arXiv2026

The topology of Gromov--Hausdorff space

We prove that the Gromov--Hausdorff space is homeomorphic to the Hilbert space. This paper is divided into four parts. In Part I, we construct an assignment of a full-support probability measure to every nonempty compact metric space that respects isometries and is continuous for simultaneous Hausdorff convergence of the spaces and weak convergence of the measures. In Part II, we use these measures to construct finite-dimensional local models whose induced pseudometrics approximate the original distances uniformly and whose norms and point maps vary continuously up to orthogonal changes of coordinates. In Part III, we use the local models to prove that the Gromov--Hausdorff space is an absolute retract for all metrizable spaces. In Part IV, we establish a discrete approximation property and conclude that the space of isometry classes of nonempty compact metric spaces is homeomorphic to the real separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space.

math.MG↗