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arXiv · 2502.18386

Mastering the growth of antimonene on Bi2Se3: strategies and insights

Roberto Flammini·Conor Hogan·Stefano Colonna·Fabio Ronci·Mauro Satta·Marco Papagno·Ziya S. Aliev·Sergey V. Eremeev·Evgueni V. Chulkov·Zipporah R. Benher·Sandra Gardonio·Luca Petaccia·Giovanni Di Santo·Carlo Carbone·Paolo Moras·Polina M. Sheverdyaeva
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Abstract

Antimonene, the two-dimensional phase of antimony, appears in two distinct allotropes when epitaxially grown on Bi2Se3: the puckered asymmetric washboard ({\alpha}) and buckled honeycomb ({\beta}) bilayer structures. As-deposited antimony films exhibit varying proportions of single {\alpha} and {\beta} structures. We identify the conditions necessary for ordered, pure-phase growth of single to triple {\beta}-antimonene bilayers. Additionally, we determine their electronic structure, work function, and characteristic core-level binding energies, offering an explanation for the relatively large chemical shifts observed among the different phases. This study not only establishes a protocol for achieving a single {\beta} phase of antimonene but also provides key signatures for distinguishing between the different allotropes using standard spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

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Roberto Flammini, Conor Hogan, Stefano Colonna, Fabio Ronci, Mauro Satta, Marco Papagno, Ziya S. Aliev, Sergey V. Eremeev, Evgueni V. Chulkov, Zipporah R. Benher, Sandra Gardonio, Luca Petaccia, Giovanni Di Santo, Carlo Carbone, Paolo Moras, Polina M. Sheverdyaeva. 2025-02-25. Mastering the growth of antimonene on Bi2Se3: strategies and insights. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0246306

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