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arXiv · 2503.10239

I Can Tell Your Secrets: Inferring Privacy Attributes from Mini-app Interaction History in Super-apps

Yifeng Cai·Ziqi Zhang·Mengyu Yao·Junlin Liu·Xiaoke Zhao·Xinyi Fu·Ruoyu Li·Zhe Li·Xiangqun Chen·Yao Guo·Ding Li
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Abstract

Super-apps have emerged as comprehensive platforms integrating various mini-apps to provide diverse services. While super-apps offer convenience and enriched functionality, they can introduce new privacy risks. This paper reveals a new privacy leakage source in super-apps: mini-app interaction history, including mini-app usage history (Mini-H) and operation history (Op-H). Mini-H refers to the history of mini-apps accessed by users, such as their frequency and categories. Op-H captures user interactions within mini-apps, including button clicks, bar drags, and image views. Super-apps can naturally collect these data without instrumentation due to the web-based feature of mini-apps. We identify these data types as novel and unexplored privacy risks through a literature review of 30 papers and an empirical analysis of 31 super-apps. We design a mini-app interaction history-oriented inference attack (THEFT), to exploit this new vulnerability. Using THEFT, the insider threats within the low-privilege business department of the super-app vendor acting as the adversary can achieve more than 95.5% accuracy in inferring privacy attributes of over 16.1% of users. THEFT only requires a small training dataset of 200 users from public breached databases on the Internet. We also engage with super-app vendors and a standards association to increase industry awareness and commitment to protect this data. Our contributions are significant in identifying overlooked privacy risks, demonstrating the effectiveness of a new attack, and influencing industry practices toward better privacy protection in the super-app ecosystem.

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Yifeng Cai, Ziqi Zhang, Mengyu Yao, Junlin Liu, Xiaoke Zhao, Xinyi Fu, Ruoyu Li, Zhe Li, Xiangqun Chen, Yao Guo, Ding Li. 2025-03-13. I Can Tell Your Secrets: Inferring Privacy Attributes from Mini-app Interaction History in Super-apps. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10239

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