Utilizing Reinforcement Learning for Bottom-Up part-wise Reconstruction of 2D Wire-Frame Projections

Abstract

This work concerns itself with the task of reconstructing all edges of an arbitrary 3D wire-frame model projected to an image plane. We explore a bottom-up part-wise procedure undertaken by an RL agent to segment and reconstruct these 2D multipart objects. The environment's state is represented as a four-colour image, where different colours correspond to background, a target edge, a reconstruction line, and the overlap of both. At each step, the agent can transform the reconstruction line within a four-dimensional action space or terminate the episode using a specific termination action. To investigate the impact of reward function formulations, we tested episodic and incremental rewards, as well as combined approaches. Empirical results demonstrated that the latter yielded the most effective training performance. To further enhance efficiency and stability, we introduce curriculum learning strategies. First, an action-based curriculum was implemented, where the agent was initially restricted to a reduced action space, being able to only perform three of the five possible actions, before progressing to the full action space. Second, we test a task-based curriculum, where the agent first solves a simplified version of the problem before being presented with the full, more complex task. This second approach produced promising results, as the agent not only successfully transitioned from learning the simplified task to mastering the full task, but in doing so gained significant performance. This study demonstrates the potential of an iterative RL wire-frame reconstruction in two dimensions. By combining optimized reward function formulations with curriculum learning strategies, we achieved significant improvements in training success. The proposed methodology provides an effective framework for solving similar tasks and represents a promising direction for future research in the field.