Challenging the Law of Energy Conservation Through Superposed Waves Based on Spatial Symmetry of Two RF Sources: Theoretical Derivation and Experimental Verification

Abstract

This study is grounded in the concept of spatial symmetry, which allows two co-phase RF sources to jointly radiate harmonic electromagnetic (EM) waves, even in presence of electromagnetic couplings between them. The superposition law is directly applied to the two waves owing to their sources, including the EM coupling effects. Our research uncovers a conflict with energy conservation law at the following two levels: (1) the total radiative powers as defined by Poynting theorem, and (2) further, the input powers of the sources. To explore this phenomenon, we create a symmetric dipole model to examine the energy behaviors at the sources and the superposed waves, separately. Both of the results reveal that the energy-doubling phenomenon presents when the dipoles are placed in close proximity. As the distance between the two dipoles increases, it is found that the total radiative power fluctuates in a damped manner and ultimately converges to a value required by energy conservation law. The theoretical conclusion of energy doubling is validated by experimental observations, which show a 1.59-fold increase in power within a microwave anechoic chamber. By analyzing the interactions, i.e., the EM coupling, between the two sources, we characterize a complete phenomenon of energy non-conservation.