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arXiv · 2504.02462

Gravitational Wave with Domain Wall Dominance

Sungwoo Hong·Sung Mook Lee·Qiuyue Liang
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Abstract

Domain walls (DWs) can be produced when a discrete symmetry is spontaneously broken, and long-lived DWs can dominate the energy density of the universe. In this work, we explore the possibility that a "domain wall dominant (DWD)" phase existed in the early universe and ended with DW decay. During the DWD phase, the universe undergoes a power-law accelerated expansion of the scale factor and exhibits temporal superhorizon evolution of the relevant frequency modes. We show that this can lead to distinct features imprinted on the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background including the independence of its amplitude from the wall tension. Our findings provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating GW emission associated with DWD, leading to distinguishable long-lived DW-induced GWs from other cosmological sources, with significant implications for future GW observatories.

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Sungwoo Hong, Sung Mook Lee, Qiuyue Liang. 2025-04-03. Gravitational Wave with Domain Wall Dominance. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516%2F2026%2F08%2F060

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