A Complete Classification of Fourier Summation Formulas on the real line

Abstract

We completely classify Fourier summation formulas of the form $$ \int_{\mathbb{R}} \widehat{\varphi}(t) d\mu(t)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a(\lambda_n)\varphi(\lambda_n), $$ that hold for any test function $\varphi$, where $\widehat\varphi$ is the Fourier transform of $\varphi$, $\mu$ is a fixed complex measure on $\mathbb{R}$ and $a:\{\lambda_n\}_{n\geq 0}\to\mathbb{C}$ is a fixed function. We only assume the decay condition $$ \int_{\mathbb{R}} \frac{d |\mu|(t)}{(1+t^2)^{c_1}} + \sum_{n\geq 0} |a(\lambda_n)|e^{-c_2 |\lambda_n|}<\infty, $$ for some $c_1,c_2>0$. This completes the work initiated by the first author previously, where the condition $c_1\leq 1$ was required. We prove that any such pair $(\mu,a)$ can be uniquely associated with a holomorphic map $F(z)$ in the upper-half space that is both almost periodic and belongs to a certain higher index Nevanlinna class. The converse is also true: For any such function $F$ it is possible to generate a Fourier summation pair $(\mu,a)$. We provide important examples of such summation formulas not contemplated by the previous results, such as Selberg's trace formula.