On Contact Round Surgeries on $(\mathbb{S}^3,\xi_{st})$ and Their Diagrams

Abstract

We introduce the notion of contact round surgery of index $1$ on Legendrian knots in a general contact 3-manifold. It generalizes the notion of contact round surgery of index 1 on Legendrian knots introduced by Adachi. In $\left(\mathbb{S}^3, \xi_{st}\right)$, we introduce the notion of contact round surgery of index 2 on a Legendrian knot and realize Adachi's contact round 2-surgery on a convex torus as a contact round surgery of index $2$ on a Legendrian knot in $\left(\s^3, \xi_{st}\right)$. We associate surgery diagrams to contact round surgeries of indices 1 and 2 on Legendrian knots in $\left(\mathbb{S}^3, \xi_{st}\right)$. With this set-up, we show that every closed connected contact 3-manifold can be obtained by performing a sequence of contact round surgeries on some Legendrian link in $\left(\mathbb{S}^3, \xi_{st}\right)$, thus obtaining a contact round surgery diagram for each contact 3-manifold. This is analogous to the result of Ding-Geiges for contact Dehn surgeries. We also discuss a bridge between certain pairs of contact round surgery diagrams of indices 1 and 2, and contact $(\pm1)$-surgery diagrams. We use this bridge to establish the result mentioned above. In the end, we derive a corollary that gives sufficient conditions on contact round surgeries to produce symplectically fillable manifolds.