A proposal of a concept for a balanced internal combustion engine configuration

Abstract

Conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) inherently suffer from imbalances due to the reciprocating motion of their components, leading to vibrations, wear, and mechanical inefficiencies. In this paper, we propose a novel engine configuration based on four interconnected hypocycloidal straight-line mechanisms, designed to eliminate both translational force imbalances and torque fluctuations. We present the mechanical concept as a physics problem, followed by theoretical calculations showing that the proposed system results in zero net force and torque due to its symmetric design. An experimental prototype was constructed using CAD modeling and manufactured from acrylic glass. Measurements performed with an accelerometer confirm the theoretical predictions: the engine remains stable during operation, and imbalances arise only when the piston synchrony is disrupted. Our results demonstrate that such a configuration offers a mechanically balanced alternative to conventional ICE layouts, with potential applications in vibration-free piston-based engine designs.