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arXiv · 2504.14578

Non-Equilibrium Probing of Topological Supersolids in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Dipolar Condensates

Biao Dong·Xiao-Fei Zhang·Wei Han·Renyuan Liao·Xue-Ying Yang·Wu-Ming Liu·Yong-Chang Zhang
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Abstract

A chiral supersolid is a quantum phase that simultaneously exhibits crystalline order, superfluidity, and topological spin texture, with spontaneously broken translational, U(1) gauge, and chiral symmetries. Here, we demonstrate a chiral supersolid with tunable non-equilibrium dynamics in a spin-orbit coupled dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. By adjusting dipolar interaction and spin-orbit coupling, we uncover two distinct quantum phase transitions: (i) a first-order transition from a single skyrmion superfluid to a triangular meron supersolid, and (ii) a second-order transition from this superfluid to a square skyrmion supersolid. These phases are characterized by their lattice symmetries, nonclassical rotational inertia, and spin textures. Under parity-time symmetric dissipation, we predict phase-dependent damping of the current oscillations, directly linked to the superfluid fraction. The predicted chiral supersolid phase can be experimentally observed in ultracold magnetic atoms with spin-orbit coupling. Our results establish dipolar quantum gases as a platform for designing topological matter with spintronic functionality.

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Biao Dong, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Wei Han, Renyuan Liao, Xue-Ying Yang, Wu-Ming Liu, Yong-Chang Zhang. 2025-04-20. Non-Equilibrium Probing of Topological Supersolids in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Dipolar Condensates. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14578

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