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arXiv · 2504.15381

Traversing the Star-Forming Main Sequence with Molecular Gas Stacks of z~1.6 Cluster Galaxies

Alex Pigarelli·Allison Noble·Gregory Rudnick·William Cramer·Stacey Alberts·Yannick Bahe·Patrick S. Kamieneski·Sebastian Montano·Adam Muzzin·Julie Nantais·Sarah Saavedra·Eelco van Kampen·Tracy Webb·Christina C. Williams·Gillian Wilson·H. K. C. Yee
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Abstract

The cluster environment has been shown to affect the molecular gas content of cluster members, yet a complete understanding of this often subtle effect has been hindered due to a lack of detections over the full parameter space of galaxy star formation rates and stellar masses. Here we stack CO(2-1) spectra of z~1.6 cluster galaxies to explore the average molecular gas fractions of galaxies both at lower mass (log(M/solar mass)~9.6) and further below the Star Forming Main Sequence (SFMS; DeltaMS~ -0.9) than other literature studies; this translates to a 3sigma gas mass limit of ~7x10^9 solar masses for stacked galaxies below the SFMS. We divide our sample of 54 z~1.6 cluster galaxies, derived from the Spitzer Adaptation of the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey, into 9 groupings, for which we recover detections in 8. The average gas content of the full cluster galaxy population is similar to coeval field galaxies matched in stellar mass and star formation rate. However, when further split by CO-undetected and CO-detected, we find that galaxies below the SFMS have statistically different gas fractions from the field scaling relations, spanning deficiencies to enhancements from 2sigma below to 3sigma above the expected field gas fractions, respectively. These differences between z=1.6 cluster and field galaxies below the SFMS are likely due to environmental processes, though further investigation of spatially-resolved properties and more robust field scaling relation calibration in this parameter space are required.

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Alex Pigarelli, Allison Noble, Gregory Rudnick, William Cramer, Stacey Alberts, Yannick Bahe, Patrick S. Kamieneski, Sebastian Montano, Adam Muzzin, Julie Nantais, Sarah Saavedra, Eelco van Kampen, Tracy Webb, Christina C. Williams, Gillian Wilson, H. K. C. Yee. 2025-04-21. Traversing the Star-Forming Main Sequence with Molecular Gas Stacks of z~1.6 Cluster Galaxies. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15381

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