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arXiv · 2504.16937

A Framework for the Assurance of AI-Enabled Systems

Ariel S. Kapusta·David Jin·Peter M. Teague·Robert A. Houston·Jonathan B. Elliott·Grace Y. Park·Shelby S. Holdren
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Abstract

The United States Department of Defense (DOD) looks to accelerate the development and deployment of AI capabilities across a wide spectrum of defense applications to maintain strategic advantages. However, many common features of AI algorithms that make them powerful, such as capacity for learning, large-scale data ingestion, and problem-solving, raise new technical, security, and ethical challenges. These challenges may hinder adoption due to uncertainty in development, testing, assurance, processes, and requirements. Trustworthiness through assurance is essential to achieve the expected value from AI. This paper proposes a claims-based framework for risk management and assurance of AI systems that addresses the competing needs for faster deployment, successful adoption, and rigorous evaluation. This framework supports programs across all acquisition pathways provide grounds for sufficient confidence that an AI-enabled system (AIES) meets its intended mission goals without introducing unacceptable risks throughout its lifecycle. The paper's contributions are a framework process for AI assurance, a set of relevant definitions to enable constructive conversations on the topic of AI assurance, and a discussion of important considerations in AI assurance. The framework aims to provide the DOD a robust yet efficient mechanism for swiftly fielding effective AI capabilities without overlooking critical risks or undermining stakeholder trust.

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Ariel S. Kapusta, David Jin, Peter M. Teague, Robert A. Houston, Jonathan B. Elliott, Grace Y. Park, Shelby S. Holdren. 2025-04-03. A Framework for the Assurance of AI-Enabled Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16937

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