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arXiv · 2505.04231

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-based Cooperative Autonomous Driving in Smart Intersections

Taoyuan Yu·Kui Wang·Zongdian Li·Tao Yu·Kei Sakaguchi
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Abstract

Unsignalized intersections pose significant safety and efficiency challenges due to complex traffic flows. This paper proposes a novel roadside unit (RSU)-centric cooperative driving system leveraging global perception and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. The core of the system is an RSU-based decision-making module using a two-stage hybrid reinforcement learning (RL) framework. At first, policies are pre-trained offline using conservative Q-learning (CQL) combined with behavior cloning (BC) on collected dataset. Subsequently, these policies are fine-tuned in the simulation using multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO), aligned with a self-attention mechanism to effectively solve inter-agent dependencies. RSUs perform real-time inference based on the trained models to realize vehicle control via V2I communications. Extensive experiments in CARLA environment demonstrate high effectiveness of the proposed system, by: \textit{(i)} achieving failure rates below 0.03\% in coordinating three connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) through complex intersection scenarios, significantly outperforming the traditional Autoware control method, and \textit{(ii)} exhibiting strong robustness across varying numbers of controlled agents and shows promising generalization capabilities on other maps.

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Taoyuan Yu, Kui Wang, Zongdian Li, Tao Yu, Kei Sakaguchi. 2025-05-07. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-based Cooperative Autonomous Driving in Smart Intersections. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04231

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