Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2505.07456

Non-minimally coupled scalar field dark sector of the universe: in-depth (Einstein frame) case study

Marcin Postolak
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

In this study, motivated by recent results from DESI DR2 indicating a possible preference for evolving dark energy in some combined data analyses, we analyze spatially flat FLRW interacting scalar-tensor cosmological models with non-minimal coupling (NMC) between the scalar field (SF) and matter/cosmological dust in the Einstein conformal frame. By using modified expansion normalized variables that account for negative values of the scalar field potential, we derive cosmological dynamical system equations and expressions for physical variables. Five specific scalar field models (axions/ALPs, cyclic ekpyrotic, exponential with a constant, quintessence, and SFDM) are examined in depth to determine how they evolve, as they serve as representative candidates used in the literature for the evolving dark energy in the late Universe. Using appropriate mathematical methods (e.g. linear stability, center manifold and Poincar\'e sphere), we present critical points along with their character and physical interpretation with respect to the possible evolution of the Universe. Considering both positive and negative values of the coupling parameter allows us to examine the transfer of energy from the scalar sector to dust and from matter to the scalar field. Considering four representative absolute values of this parameter provides a comprehensive analysis that incorporates all significant types of dynamical system evolution (from mathematical and physical perspectives). The initial conditions for the in-depth numerical analysis were constructed analytically from observationally motivated Planck 2018 and DESI DR2 CPL parametrizations.

Explore related subjects

gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-th

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Marcin Postolak. 2025-05-12. Non-minimally coupled scalar field dark sector of the universe: in-depth (Einstein frame) case study. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382%2Fae7c4f

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Electrovacuum Black Hole Uniqueness

We prove the black hole uniqueness conjecture in the axially symmetric, stationary, electrovacuum setting, subject to the refined asymptotic analysis of the associated singular harmonic maps, which includes an analyticity hypothesis at the axes. More precisely, it is shown that any asymptotically flat solution of the Einstein--Maxwell equations in this class, with more than one black hole horizon component is either: Majumdar--Papapetrou, up to a duality rotation, in which case all logarithmic angle defects vanish, or every finite axis rod logarithmic angle defect is strictly negative and hence every interaction force is strictly attractive. The proof extends the singular harmonic map method used for vacuum Kerr uniqueness in [18].

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Constraining Modified Mass-to-Horizon Cosmology Through Primordial Inflationary Observables

We investigate slow-roll inflation in a modified cosmological framework inspired by a generalized mass-to-horizon relation (MHR), $M=\gamma {c^2 L^n}/{G}$, where $n$ is a real parameter and $\gamma$ a dimensional constant. Using Padmanabhan's emergence paradigm, we derive the modified Friedmann equations for a flat FRW universe and analyze the dynamics of a canonical scalar field (inflaton) under the slow-roll approximation. We study the resulting inflationary phenomenology for power-law and Starobinsky potentials. For power-law potentials, the MHR modification fails to reconcile these models with current CMB constraints on $r$ and $n_s$. In contrast, Starobinsky inflation exhibits significant sensitivity to deviations from $n=1$. A perturbative analysis ($n=1+\Delta$) yields corrections to inflationary observables. We observe that the scalar power-spectrum normalization, under a fixed-Starobinsky prescription, imposes the stringent constraint $0.960 \lesssim n \lesssim 1.040$ for $N=60$ efolds. This is considerably tighter than spectral-index bounds. Our results establish inflation, particularly Starobinsky-like models, as a sensitive probe of generalized horizon thermodynamics and departures from standard MHR scaling.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Improving the Sensitivity of Gravitational Wave Detection with Weighted Conformal Prediction

In the last decade, kilometre-scale interferometric gravitational-wave detectors have observed hundreds of compact binary mergers, the majority of which are binary black holes. However, the data are noise-dominated, and multiple independent search algorithms (pipelines) are used to enhance sensitivity and improve robustness. Rather than the standard approach of selecting the most significant pipeline output, we combine the outputs from all pipelines using a conformal prediction-based framework to provide statistically rigorous confidence estimates for candidate events. While combining pipelines improves sensitivity and ranking robustness, it requires a principled statistical framework that remains valid as data properties evolve across observing runs. A key challenge is distribution shifts between simulated datasets used for training and calibration and the real, unlabelled, observations used for testing, which can invalidate coverage guarantees and bias confidence estimates. In this work, we address this challenge by incorporating likelihood-ratio reweighting into our conformal prediction framework to account for covariate shift. Using mock datasets containing simulated signals, we demonstrate that weighted conformal prediction restores well-calibrated coverage under covariate shift and increases the confidence of events near the detection threshold, recovering true signals that would otherwise be missed.

gr-qc↗