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arXiv · 2505.08754

3GPP-Compliant Radar Cross Section Characterization of Indoor Factory Targets

Ali Waqar Azim·Ahmad Bazzi·Roberto Bomfin·Marwa Chafii
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Abstract

The following paper presents a systematic 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-compliant characterization of radar cross section (RCS) for indoor factory (InF) objects, including small and mid-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), robotic arms, and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). Through measurements in the 25-28 GHz range, we validate the 3GPP standardized log-normal distribution model for RCS for above-mentioned target objects. The 3GPP-complaint RCS parameters obtained for the small-sized UAV are in close agreement (<1 dB deviation) with 3GPP agreed values. The mid-sized UAVs exhibit higher reflectivity compared to the small-sized UAV due to enhanced specular components attributed to material and lithium-ion battery packs. The robotic arm exhibits dynamic RCS behavior due to mechanical articulation, whereas UAVs show clear size-dependent reflectivity patterns in AGVs. Our findings provide empirical validation for RCS characterization for integrated sensing and communication channel modeling in InF environments.

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Ali Waqar Azim, Ahmad Bazzi, Roberto Bomfin, Marwa Chafii. 2025-05-13. 3GPP-Compliant Radar Cross Section Characterization of Indoor Factory Targets. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08754

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