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arXiv · 2505.09696

Dark Matter-Independent Orbital Decay Bounds on Ultralight Bosons from OJ287

Qianhang Ding·Minxi He·Volodymyr Takhistov·Hui-Yu Zhu
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Abstract

Ultralight bosons, predicted in scenarios beyond the Standard Model and viable dark matter (DM) candidates, can form superradiant clouds around spinning black holes influencing their dynamics. Using century-long monitored OJ287 supermassive black hole binary we set first DM-independent, dynamical constraints on their masses $\mu = (8.5-22) \times 10^{-22}$ eV. These dynamical constraints, driven by boson cloud friction, are robust against DM-model uncertainties and offer a novel ultralight boson probe. We show that analogous superradiant dynamics across the cosmic population of supermassive black hole systems could help resolve final-parsec evolution stalling problem and imprint a detectable suppression and break in the gravitational wave background.

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Qianhang Ding, Minxi He, Volodymyr Takhistov, Hui-Yu Zhu. 2025-05-14. Dark Matter-Independent Orbital Decay Bounds on Ultralight Bosons from OJ287. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09696

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