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arXiv · 2505.20376

Thermodynamics and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior of the quantum 1D hard rod model

Shengjie Yu·Zhaoxuan Zhu·Laurent Sanchez-Palencia
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Abstract

The one-dimensional hard rod model describes impenetrable bosons with finite diameter, extending the Lieb-Liniger model to systems with excluded volume interactions. Here, we investigate the thermodynamics of quantum HRs using Yang-Yang theory, path integral quantum Monte-Carlo calculations, and Luttinger liquid theory. We first discuss the behavior of characteristic thermodynamic quantities, exhibiting deviations to the Lieb-Liniger model for sufficiently high densities, with excellent agreement between analytical and numerical results. We then show that the hard rod model exhibits Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior across a wide range of parameters, at zero and finite temperature, as unveiled by correlation functions. The Tomonaga-Luttinger parameter and thermal length can be extracted by fitting correlation functions to Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory, hence demonstrating a robust method for thermometry. This work provides a comprehensive study of strongly correlated hard rod systems at finite temperatures, with applications to quantum wires, spin chains, and ultracold atoms.

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Shengjie Yu, Zhaoxuan Zhu, Laurent Sanchez-Palencia. 2025-05-26. Thermodynamics and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior of the quantum 1D hard rod model. https://doi.org/10.1103/8gzf-v52y

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