Measurements $\mathit{with}$ probabilities in the final state proposal

Ahmed Almheiri

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arXiv · 2505.23664

Measurements $\mathit{with}$ probabilities in the final state proposal

Ahmed Almheiri

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Abstract

Bousso and Stanford (BS) argued that the black hole final state proposal leads to acausal effects and ill-defined probabilities for the AMPS experiment. We identify a loophole in their analysis using insights from entanglement wedge reconstruction and replica wormholes. We trace the cause of the BS problems to the misidentification of the physical interior where the second AMPS measurement happens from among the multiple interiors introduced by the first measurement.

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Ahmed Almheiri. 2025-05-29. Measurements $\mathit{with}$ probabilities in the final state proposal. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23664

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