Beyond the Buzz: A Pragmatic Take on Inference Disaggregation

Tiyasa Mitra; Ritika Borkar; Nidhi Bhatia; Ramon Matas; Shivam Raj; Dheevatsa Mudigere; Ritchie Zhao; Maximilian Golub; Arpan Dutta; Sailaja Madduri; Dharmesh Jani; Brian Pharris; Bita Darvish Rouhani

arXiv · 2506.05508

Beyond the Buzz: A Pragmatic Take on Inference Disaggregation

Tiyasa Mitra·Ritika Borkar·Nidhi Bhatia·Ramon Matas·Shivam Raj·Dheevatsa Mudigere·Ritchie Zhao·Maximilian Golub·Arpan Dutta·Sailaja Madduri·Dharmesh Jani·Brian Pharris·Bita Darvish Rouhani

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Abstract

As inference scales to multi-node deployments, disaggregation - splitting inference into distinct phases - offers a promising path to improving the throughput-interactivity Pareto frontier. Despite growing enthusiasm and a surge of open-source efforts, practical deployment of disaggregated serving remains limited due to the complexity of the optimization search space and system-level coordination. In this paper, we present the first systematic study of disaggregated inference at scale, evaluating hundreds of thousands of design points across diverse workloads and hardware configurations. We find that disaggregation is most effective for prefill-heavy traffic patterns and larger models. Our results highlight the critical role of dynamic rate matching and elastic scaling in achieving Pareto-optimal performance. Our findings offer actionable insights for efficient disaggregated deployments to navigate the trade-off between system throughput and interactivity.

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Tiyasa Mitra, Ritika Borkar, Nidhi Bhatia, Ramon Matas, Shivam Raj, Dheevatsa Mudigere, Ritchie Zhao, Maximilian Golub, Arpan Dutta, Sailaja Madduri, Dharmesh Jani, Brian Pharris, Bita Darvish Rouhani. 2025-06-05. Beyond the Buzz: A Pragmatic Take on Inference Disaggregation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05508

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