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arXiv · 2506.14878

The isotropy of Hubble expansion in the early and late Universe

Alan Junzhe Zhou·Scott Dodelson·Daniel Scolnic
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Abstract

We test the isotropy of Hubble expansion by combining several probes for the first time, constructing full-sky maps of expansion rate variation using Type Ia supernovae, fundamental plane galaxies, and CMB temperature fluctuations. We find no hint of anisotropy or correlation between early- and late-Universe expansion across all systematic models. The 99% confidence upper limits on expansion rate anisotropy are 0.39% for low-redshift supernovae, 0.95% for high-redshift CMB, and 0.37% when combined at a 60-degree smoothing scale. A significant anomaly in the fundamental plane residual map may reflect systematics in the current DESI dataset, as evidenced by the absence of cross-correlation with other tracers and its correlation with spatial density variations.

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Alan Junzhe Zhou, Scott Dodelson, Daniel Scolnic. 2025-06-17. The isotropy of Hubble expansion in the early and late Universe. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14878

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