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arXiv · 2506.15604

Maximizing solubility in rock salt high-entropy oxides

Matthew Furst·Joseph Petruska·Dhiya Srikanth·Jacob T. Sivak·Susan B. Sinnott·Christina M. Rost·Jon-Paul Maria·Saeed S. I. Almishal
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Abstract

To explore and quantitatively map the cation-size mismatch solubility limits in high-entropy oxides (HEOs), we report on Ca$^{2+}$ substitution in prototypical MgCoNiCuZnO, because, while isovalent, Ca$^{2+}$ is 38% larger than its partners' average ionic radii. Using the thermodynamics-grounded bond-length distribution descriptor, we identify Ca$^{2+}$-Cu$^{2+}$ interactions as the primary prospective lattice destabilizer. Bulk synthesis confirms only 4% Ca solubility with Cu at 950$^o$C, modestly rising to 5% after Cu removal at 1150$^o$C. We then employ far-from-equilibrium pulsed-laser deposition to investigate metastable solubility: epitaxial films incorporate 10% Ca with Cu and a full 20% Ca without, doubling and quadrupling the respective bulk limits. This Ca uptake additionally enables deterministic lattice-parameter control via Ca concentration. Overall, our results demonstrate both the extended solubility possible in HEO systems, particularly when accessing metastable states through quenching from high-energy plasma, and that the specific constellation of solid-solvent cations can be rationally engineered to minimize bond-length distributions when largely misfit cations are added, thus expanding the accessible compositional space.

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Matthew Furst, Joseph Petruska, Dhiya Srikanth, Jacob T. Sivak, Susan B. Sinnott, Christina M. Rost, Jon-Paul Maria, Saeed S. I. Almishal. 2025-06-18. Maximizing solubility in rock salt high-entropy oxides. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70842

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