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arXiv · 2506.17755

Physics-informed mixture of experts network for interpretable battery degradation trajectory computation amid second-life complexities

Xinghao Huang·Shengyu Tao·Chen Liang·Jiawei Chen·Junzhe Shi·Yuqi Li·Bizhong Xia·Guangmin Zhou·Xuan Zhang
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Abstract

Retired electric vehicle batteries offer immense potential to support low-carbon energy systems, but uncertainties in their degradation behavior and data inaccessibilities under second-life use pose major barriers to safe and scalable deployment. This work proposes a Physics-Informed Mixture of Experts (PIMOE) network that computes battery degradation trajectories using partial, field-accessible signals in a single cycle. PIMOE leverages an adaptive multi-degradation prediction module to classify degradation modes using expert weight synthesis underpinned by capacity-voltage and relaxation data, producing latent degradation trend embeddings. These are input to a use-dependent recurrent network for long-term trajectory prediction. Validated on 207 batteries across 77 use conditions and 67,902 cycles, PIMOE achieves an average mean absolute percentage (MAPE) errors of 0.88% with a 0.43 ms inference time. Compared to the state-of-the-art Informer and PatchTST, it reduces computational time and MAPE by 50%, respectively. Compatible with random state of charge region sampling, PIMOE supports 150-cycle forecasts with 1.50% average and 6.26% maximum MAPE, and operates effectively even with pruned 5MB training data. Broadly, PIMOE framework offers a deployable, history-free solution for battery degradation trajectory computation, redefining how second-life energy storage systems are assessed, optimized, and integrated into the sustainable energy landscape.

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Xinghao Huang, Shengyu Tao, Chen Liang, Jiawei Chen, Junzhe Shi, Yuqi Li, Bizhong Xia, Guangmin Zhou, Xuan Zhang. 2025-06-21. Physics-informed mixture of experts network for interpretable battery degradation trajectory computation amid second-life complexities. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17755

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