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arXiv · 2506.21114

Proof verification by polynomial Fingerprinting

Mihai Prunescu
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Abstract

To cater to the needs of fast verification for mathematical proofs, we describe a method to encode formal sentences in $2 \times 2$ - matrices over multivariate polynomials with integer coefficients. This correspondence is homomorphic: usual proof-steps like modus-ponens or variable substitution in terms and formulae become operations with matrices. By evaluating the polynomial variables in random elements of a suitably chosen finite field, the proof is replaced by a numeric sequence. Only the values corresponding to axioms and tautologies have to be computed from scratch. The values corresponding to derived formulas are computed from the values corresponding to their ancestors by applying the homomorphic properties. The polynomial matrix corresponding to the conclusion of the proof is also evaluated in the chosen random values. If the last term of the numeric sequence equals the evaluation of the conclusion, by the Schwartz-Zippel Lemma, the proof is with high probability correct.

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Mihai Prunescu. 2025-06-26. Proof verification by polynomial Fingerprinting. https://doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.427.3

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