Robust and Accurate Multi-view 2D/3D Image Registration with Differentiable X-ray Rendering and Dual Cross-view Constraints

Yuxin Cui; Rui Song; Yibin Li; Max Q. -H. Meng; Zhe Min

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arXiv · 2506.22191

Robust and Accurate Multi-view 2D/3D Image Registration with Differentiable X-ray Rendering and Dual Cross-view Constraints

Yuxin Cui·Rui Song·Yibin Li·Max Q. -H. Meng·Zhe Min

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Abstract

Robust and accurate 2D/3D registration, which aligns preoperative models with intraoperative images of the same anatomy, is crucial for successful interventional navigation. To mitigate the challenge of a limited field of view in single-image intraoperative scenarios, multi-view 2D/3D registration is required by leveraging multiple intraoperative images. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-view 2D/3D rigid registration approach comprising two stages. In the first stage, a combined loss function is designed, incorporating both the differences between predicted and ground-truth poses and the dissimilarities (e.g., normalized cross-correlation) between simulated and observed intraoperative images. More importantly, additional cross-view training loss terms are introduced for both pose and image losses to explicitly enforce cross-view constraints. In the second stage, test-time optimization is performed to refine the estimated poses from the coarse stage. Our method exploits the mutual constraints of multi-view projection poses to enhance the robustness of the registration process. The proposed framework achieves a mean target registration error (mTRE) of $0.79 \pm 2.17$ mm on six specimens from the DeepFluoro dataset, demonstrating superior performance compared to state-of-the-art registration algorithms.

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Yuxin Cui, Rui Song, Yibin Li, Max Q. -H. Meng, Zhe Min. 2025-06-27. Robust and Accurate Multi-view 2D/3D Image Registration with Differentiable X-ray Rendering and Dual Cross-view Constraints. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22191

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