Equivalence Classes in AES -- Part 1

David Cornwell

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arXiv · 2506.23050

Equivalence Classes in AES -- Part 1

David Cornwell

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Abstract

We investigate properties of equivalence classes in AES which arise naturally from properties of MixColumns and InvMixColumns. These two operations have the property that the XOR of the 4 input bytes equals the XOR of 4 output bytes. We examine the effect on equivalence classes due to the operation of SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns and AddRoundKey. The next phase of research is to find a key recovery attack using known (plaintext, ciphertext) equivalence class pairs. Keywords: AES, Equivalence, Class, MixColumns, ShiftRows, SubBytes, AddRoundKey, Schedule, State, XOR

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David Cornwell. 2025-06-29. Equivalence Classes in AES -- Part 1. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23050

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