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arXiv · 2507.07612

Biquandle Virtual Brackets and Virtual Knotoids

Neslihan Gügümcü·Hamdi Kayaslan
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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce invariants of virtual knotoids based on biquandles and biquandle virtual brackets. We show that one of these invariants, namely biquandle virtual bracket matrix, is a proper enhancement of the other invariants introduced in this paper.

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Neslihan Gügümcü, Hamdi Kayaslan. 2025-07-10. Biquandle Virtual Brackets and Virtual Knotoids. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07612

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